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Cross-border Judgment & Award Enforcement
Domesticate foreign judgments, enforce New York Convention arbitral awards, and trace assets in Thailand.
Quick Answer
Thailand has no automatic foreign-judgment recognition treaty, but foreign arbitral awards enforce directly via Section 41 (NY Convention). We handle both routes plus asset tracing. From THB 25,000 (strategy) to THB 1.2M (domestication suit).
FAQ
- Are foreign court judgments enforceable in Thailand?
- Not directly — Thailand is not party to any bilateral judgment-enforcement treaty. Foreign judgments serve only as evidence in a fresh Thai lawsuit. However, foreign arbitral awards ARE enforceable under the New York Convention (Section 41, Arbitration Act B.E. 2545).
- How do we enforce a foreign judgment?
- File a new Civil Court action in Thailand using the foreign judgment as prima facie evidence of the debt. Court re-examines jurisdiction, due process, and public policy. Timeline 12–24 months. Alternatively, restructure as an arbitral proceeding if the contract permits.
- What about EU / UK / US judgments?
- Same rule — no automatic recognition. Practical path: (1) obtain foreign judgment, (2) domesticate via fresh Thai suit or (3) if debtor has assets abroad, enforce in that jurisdiction. We coordinate with foreign counsel.
- Rates?
- Foreign judgment analysis + strategy memo THB 25,000–65,000. Domestication lawsuit in Thai Civil Court THB 250,000–1,200,000. Enforcement of NY Convention award THB 150,000–400,000. Asset tracing THB 45,000–150,000.
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Official sources
The information on this page follows the official sources below. Always check the latest version before you file.
- กรมการกงสุล — บริการรับรองเอกสาร (นิติกรณ์)— กระทรวงการต่างประเทศ
- สำนักงานตรวจคนเข้าเมือง — วีซ่า รายงานตัว 90 วัน TM.30— Immigration Bureau
- กรมการปกครอง — ทะเบียนราษฎร ทะเบียนครอบครัว— Department of Provincial Administration
- สภาทนายความในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์ — ทนายความผู้ทำคำรับรองลายมือชื่อและเอกสาร— Lawyers Council of Thailand
- สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา — ฐานข้อมูลกฎหมายไทย— Office of the Council of State
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Frequently asked questions
- Can a foreigner own 100% of a Thai company?
- Generally no for activities listed in the Foreign Business Act, where majority foreign ownership requires a Foreign Business Licence, a BOI promotion, or treaty rights such as the US–Thailand Treaty of Amity. Manufacturing and certain export activities are largely open, and BOI-promoted activities can permit full foreign ownership together with land-holding and visa privileges, so the right structure depends on the specific activity.
- What is the minimum registered capital for a Thai company?
- There is no general statutory minimum for a Thai-majority company, but practical thresholds apply: THB 2 million of paid-up registered capital per foreign work permit, or THB 1 million if the foreigner is married to a Thai national, and THB 3 million per foreign shareholder for a Foreign Business Licence. Capital should therefore be planned around the visa and work-permit outcome you need, not the incorporation minimum.
- How long does company registration take?
- Registration at the Department of Business Development can be completed within one to three working days once the name reservation, shareholder documents and company objectives are ready, and the VAT registration and social security registration follow afterwards. The realistic end-to-end timeline including bank account opening is two to six weeks, with the bank account usually being the slowest step for foreign directors.
- What ongoing accounting obligations does a Thai company have?
- Every Thai company must keep statutory accounts, file monthly withholding tax (PND 1, 3, 53) and VAT (PP 30) returns by the middle of the following month, file the half-year corporate income tax return (PND 51) and the annual return (PND 50), and have its financial statements audited by a Thai CPA and filed with the DBD each year. Dormant companies are not exempt — nil returns and an audited statement are still required.