Construction Arbitration (FIDIC · DAB/DAAB · SCL Delay Protocol)

อนุญาโตตุลาการก่อสร้าง (FIDIC · DAB/DAAB · SCL Delay Protocol) · § CrossBorder
Quick Answer
Serve Notice of Claim under Sub-Clause 20.2 within 28 days (time-bar!) → Engineer determination (42 days) → DAAB reference (84 days) → amicable settlement (28 days) → ICC/SIAC arbitration · SCL time-slice + as-planned vs as-built · quantum via measured mile or modified total cost.
Timeline: Notice-to-DAAB 4–5 months · DAAB decision 84 days · arbitration 18–30 months · limited appeal · total 3–4 years · 62% settle pre-award (ICC 2024).
Official fee: DAAB member fee USD 3,000–5,000/day · USD 25,000 advance (3-member) · ICC filing + admin (0.04%–0.75%) · delay expert USD 300K–1.2M · quantum expert USD 500K–2M · construction hearing 15–40 days.
Legal Basis
FIDIC Red / Yellow / Silver / Gold 2017 · SCL Delay & Disruption Protocol 2nd ed. 2017 · AACE RP 29R-03 · ICC Rules 2021 (default clause 21.6) · UNCITRAL Model Law · Thai Arbitration Act 2545.
Who Needs This
Main/subcontractors on FIDIC projects (power plants, MRT, airports, refineries) · Employers/PMs defending variations/EOT/prolongation claims · lenders assessing dispute risk · insurers paying performance bonds.
Required Documents
- Contract Data + Particular Conditions (mark-up) + drawings register
- Primavera P6 baseline + monthly updates + as-built
- Site Instructions + RFIs + Variation Orders + IPCs
- Delay narrative + TIA or windows analysis
- Quantum via measured mile / modified total cost + timesheet backup
- Correspondence chain + Aconex / BIM 360 log.
Common Pitfalls
- Miss 28-day Sub-Clause 20.2.1 notice · claim time-barred (Obrascon Huarte Lain v HM AG).
- Global claim without causation · tribunal rejects · separate heads.
- Measured mile without productive period · fallback to modified total cost (last resort).
- Concurrent delay: wrong choice between Malmaison and apportionment.
- Skipping DAB · tribunal stays or dismisses.
Typical Use-cases
- MRT contractor · Yellow Book · 385-day EOT + USD 42M prolongation · ICC · 68% pre-award settle.
- Refinery EPC · Silver Book · USD 88M variation · SIAC · USD 61M award + interest.
- Airport terminal · Red Book · USD 23M disruption · DAAB then arbitration · full recovery.
- Power plant sub · Yellow Book · concurrent delay · 60/40 owner/contractor apportionment.
FAQ
- DAB vs DAAB?
- DAB = ad-hoc (FIDIC 1999) · DAAB = standing (FIDIC 2017) · monthly site visits · binding until arbitration overturns.
- SCL or AACE?
- SCL 2017 = UK/common-law · AACE = US · both accepted · consistent application matters most.
- Prolongation cost calc?
- Time-related preliminaries × EOT days · site staff + plant standing + HO overhead (Emden/Hudson formula).
- LD counterclaim pass-through?
- LDs are capped · pass-through to subs needs explicit back-to-back clause.
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Official sources — legal services
The information on this page follows the official sources below. Always check the latest version before you file.
- สำนักงานศาลยุติธรรม— Office of the Judiciary
- กระทรวงยุติธรรม— Ministry of Justice
- สภาทนายความในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์ — ทนายความผู้ทำคำรับรองลายมือชื่อและเอกสาร— Lawyers Council of Thailand
- สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา — ฐานข้อมูลกฎหมายไทย— Office of the Council of State
- ราชกิจจานุเบกษา — ประกาศและกฎหมายที่มีผลบังคับ— Royal Thai Government Gazette
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Frequently asked questions
- Can a foreigner own 100% of a Thai company?
- Generally no for activities listed in the Foreign Business Act, where majority foreign ownership requires a Foreign Business Licence, a BOI promotion, or treaty rights such as the US–Thailand Treaty of Amity. Manufacturing and certain export activities are largely open, and BOI-promoted activities can permit full foreign ownership together with land-holding and visa privileges, so the right structure depends on the specific activity.
- What is the minimum registered capital for a Thai company?
- There is no general statutory minimum for a Thai-majority company, but practical thresholds apply: THB 2 million of paid-up registered capital per foreign work permit, or THB 1 million if the foreigner is married to a Thai national, and THB 3 million per foreign shareholder for a Foreign Business Licence. Capital should therefore be planned around the visa and work-permit outcome you need, not the incorporation minimum.
- How long does company registration take?
- Registration at the Department of Business Development can be completed within one to three working days once the name reservation, shareholder documents and company objectives are ready, and the VAT registration and social security registration follow afterwards. The realistic end-to-end timeline including bank account opening is two to six weeks, with the bank account usually being the slowest step for foreign directors.
- What ongoing accounting obligations does a Thai company have?
- Every Thai company must keep statutory accounts, file monthly withholding tax (PND 1, 3, 53) and VAT (PP 30) returns by the middle of the following month, file the half-year corporate income tax return (PND 51) and the annual return (PND 50), and have its financial statements audited by a Thai CPA and filed with the DBD each year. Dormant companies are not exempt — nil returns and an audited statement are still required.






