Thailand Legal Services

Before suing, we check the limitation period, test whether your evidence actually proves the debt or loss, and send a demand letter with a clear payment date. If negotiation fails we file, examine wit

If you are summoned or arrested, do not give a statement until a lawyer and an interpreter you understand are present. We act from the police inquiry stage, apply for bail, test the evidence and defen

Family and estate work usually starts with ‘who owns this asset?’. We separate personal from marital property, petition for estate administrators, draft divorce and custody agreements, and handle heir

A retainer suits companies with ongoing legal questions — contract review, employment, PDPA, shareholder meetings and DBD filings. We fix the monthly scope in writing so there are no hidden extras.

A Thai will is only valid if it follows a statutory form — for example an ordinary will with two witnesses, or a public-document will at the district office. We help choose the form, draft bilingual w

A power of attorney for cross-border use goes through several steps: drafting for the exact task, signing before a notary, then Apostille or consular/embassy legalisation depending on the destination.

If both agree, a consensual divorce is registered at the district office. If not, one spouse must sue in the Juvenile & Family Court on statutory grounds. We draft the property and custody agreement a

Intercountry adoption in Thailand falls under the Child Adoption Act and the Department of Children and Youth, alongside Hague Convention principles. Step-child adoption differs from adopting a child

Effective collection starts with clear proof of debt, a lawyer's demand letter and an asset trace before deciding to sue. After judgment we obtain an enforcement writ, garnish bank accounts or salary,

If you are defamed online — or accused of defamation — preserve evidence before posts vanish: screenshots showing the URL, date, time and account. Criminal defamation is a compoundable offence with a

Labour disputes start two ways: a free complaint to a labour inspector (good for unpaid wages or severance) or a claim filed directly in the Labour Court, which mediates before trial. We act for emplo

Defective goods, unfair standard contracts, online sellers who never deliver or condo projects not built as advertised — consumers can bring consumer cases without a lawyer and largely free of court f

Common land disputes: overlapping boundaries, family inheritance splits, adverse possession, servitude rights of way and breached sale contracts. Start with certified title and registration-history co

A bounced cheque can be pursued two ways: a civil claim on the debt and the bill of exchange, and a criminal complaint under the Cheque Act, which has a short window from the date the bank dishonours

After an online transfer scam, call-centre fraud or a hacked account, minutes matter — ask your bank to freeze the receiving account immediately, then report through the police online channel. We asse

Before a warning or takedown request, verify rights and preserve evidence identifying the seller, date, channel and goods. A platform removal is not a judicial finding of infringement. Searches and se

First identify a share or asset deal and the decisions the review must support. Counsel reviews scoped title, authority, contracts, licences and disputes, recording missing evidence. Findings should i

A share deal changes shareholders; it does not automatically make company debts the buyer’s personal debts. The same company retains its assets and liabilities, while the buyer bears economic exposure

An APA needs a clear schedule of assets and obligations. Selecting assets rather than shares does not guarantee a liability-free deal: check security, encumbrances, third-party rights, tax and assumed

Agree first on each party’s contribution, ownership of assets and allocation of risk, then set shares, board authority, funding duties and reserved decisions. A 49/51 split does not automatically make

Start with before-and-after charts and distinguish a statutory merger, share transfer and asset transfer: entity survival and treatment of rights and obligations differ. Build a transaction-specific l

An ESOP retains key staff with future share rights. Thai limited companies have constraints on issuing shares and nominee holdings, so the structure must work in practice — vesting, good/bad leaver te

A PDPA audit maps what personal data you collect, from whom, why, who receives it and how long you keep it, then tests that against lawful bases, privacy notices, records of processing, processor agre

A privacy notice must tell people what you collect, why, on which lawful basis, who receives it, how long you keep it and how to exercise their rights. Consent is only for cases with no other basis, a

Organisations that regularly process large volumes of personal data, or whose core activity involves sensitive data, may be required to appoint a DPO. Many mid-sized firms outsource the role instead o

When personal data is leaked, accessed without authority or lost, the controller must assess risk and notify the PDPC within the statutory window from becoming aware, and may need to tell affected ind

Sending personal data abroad — cloud servers overseas, HR data to a parent company, a foreign CRM — needs a PDPA basis such as an adequate destination, standard contractual clauses or reviewed intra-g

Most data incidents start with staff — files sent to the wrong person, customer screenshots posted in chat groups, phishing clicks. We design training around each department's real work (sales, HR, cu

A SAFE lets investors fund now and receive shares in the next round. It originates in US law, so it does not drop straight into a Thai limited company — share issues need shareholder resolutions, shar

A convertible note is a loan that can turn into equity; unlike a SAFE it carries interest and a maturity date. Under Thai law watch the interest cap, withholding tax when the lender is abroad, and the

A term sheet summarises the deal before the real investment documents. Mostly non-binding, yet whatever is agreed usually carries straight through. Founders should read slowly: pre-money valuation, li

After launching an ESOP, the real work is keeping the pool orderly every quarter — who holds what, how far vesting has run, who left and forfeits, and whether enough remains for new hires. We maintain

A messy cap table — departed co-founders still holding shares, nominee holders, partly paid shares or a BOJ.5 that does not match reality — scares investors. We trace every share transfer, rebuild an

Taking investment properly involves more than signing. The company must pass a shareholder resolution, register the capital increase with the DBD and update the share register; foreign investors trigg

A foreigner may own a condo unit in their own name within the foreign-ownership share the Condominium Act allows per project, and must bring the purchase money in as foreign currency with bank evidenc

Foreigners often lease land or houses long term instead of buying. Each lease is capped at 30 years and must be registered at the Land Office; a '30 more years' renewal clause is only a promise with u

Foreigners cannot own land but can own the house on it through a registered superficies granted by the landowner. A usufruct gives the right to use and take benefit from the land for life or an agreed

Before you pay a deposit, we obtain the registration record from the Land Office to confirm the real owner, mortgages, servitudes and attachment orders, check the title type (Chanote, Nor Sor 3 Gor, e

We attend the Land Office for the buyer or seller under a power of attorney, check the original title against the registration record, confirm the taxes and fees the officer assesses, verify cashier's

Start with the promotion certificate and approved activity, not the ownership percentage alone. Match the plot, area and buildings to the project and identify the permission needed before transfer. Ti

Start with the accounting period and applicable returns. PND50 uses full-period results; PND51 requires the interim calculation applicable to the taxpayer. The review reconciles financial statements a

Separate registration from monthly filing. Registration requires activity, turnover and premises evidence; PP30 requires each month’s invoices and VAT reports. Registrants still file in zero-sales mon

Start with statutory relationships and actual goods, services, royalty or loan transactions. Separate annual disclosure from supporting pricing evidence. Disclosure is a summary, not a full analysis.

Before paying, identify the actual recipient, legal status, contracted work and payment date. Select the return and rate for the item. PND3/53 do not replace payroll returns; PND54 is not for every fo

A foreigner in Thailand for 180 days or more in a tax year is tax-resident and may owe tax on foreign income brought into Thailand under current Revenue Department rules. We confirm status, gather all

Once you receive a tax summons or assessment notice, appeal time is limited. We read the summons to define scope, organise focused records, attend meetings with you, respond in writing and, if you dis

A sound employment contract must meet the Labour Protection Act — it can be more generous than the law, never less. We draft or review probation, working hours, leave, termination, non-compete and con

If you were dismissed without serious misconduct, you may be owed statutory severance by length of service, pay in lieu of notice, unpaid wages and unfair-dismissal damages. We calculate entitlements

Employers of foreigners must keep work permits matched to the real position and workplace, report changes on time, register employees for social security and remit contributions, and withhold income t

When a sexual harassment or bullying complaint arises, employers have duties under Thai labour protection law. A biased investigation risks claims from both the complainant and the accused. We act as

An insurer's denial — for non-disclosure, pre-existing conditions or excluded events — is not necessarily final. We read every policy clause against the stated reason, gather medical records or police

Workers injured or made ill by their job are entitled to Workmen's Compensation Fund benefits — medical costs, monthly compensation while off work, and benefits for loss of limb or death. Employers mu

Both franchisors and franchisees need to know what the contract binds them to: initial and royalty fees, territory, mandatory supply purchases, post-term non-competes and trademark rights. We draft or

A distribution agreement sets who buys and resells in their own name, the exclusive territory, minimum purchase targets, liability for defects and what happens to remaining stock on termination. We ac

A commercial agent finds customers and may contract for the principal, earning commission. The contract should state whether the agent can bind the principal, how commission is calculated and when it

A licence is not a sale of ownership. Identify the works or registrations, channels, territory, term, sublicensing and termination consequences. For trademarks, check quality control and recordal. Def

An SHA sets shareholders’ arrangements, not powers overriding every law or article. Tailor reserved matters, information, funding and deadlock procedures to the shareholder group. Check whether tag, d

A master supply agreement sets the rules once for every future order — quality standards, inspection, delivery terms (Incoterms), risk of loss, warranties, recalls, force majeure and liability caps. W

Thai carbon projects can register under the domestic T-VER standard (TGO) or international standards. Often-missed legal questions: who owns the credits — landowner, investor or community — and whethe

Listed companies must disclose environmental, social and governance data in the Form 56-1 One Report under SEC rules, and foreign buyers increasingly ask Thai suppliers for the same. The legal risk is

Certain project types and sizes listed by the Ministry of Natural Resources need an EIA or EHIA before construction permits. Reports must be prepared by licensed firms and reviewed by ONEP. We support

Thai exporters of steel, aluminium, fertiliser, cement, hydrogen or electricity to the EU must supply embedded-emissions data to EU importers under CBAM, while Thailand develops its own carbon pricing

Factories hosting rooftop solar owned by an investor that sells them power (private PPA) need a contract clear for many years — tariff and indexation, minimum offtake, O&M, roof-leak liability, reloca

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) makes producers and importers responsible for packaging after use. Thailand is developing EPR laws and mechanisms, while exporters to Europe already face destina

Sending customer or employee data to overseas servers or a parent company needs a PDPA legal basis — an adequate destination, consent, or appropriate safeguards such as standard contractual clauses (S

ISO/IEC 27001 is the information security management standard; ISO/IEC 27701 extends it to privacy. Enterprise and foreign clients often require certification before signing. Lawyers add most value li

After ransomware, a breach or CEO email fraud, the first hour sets the damage. An incident response retainer puts lawyers on call — coordinating IT or digital forensics, assessing PDPA and cyber law n

Testing systems without clear written authorisation can breach Thailand's Computer Crime Act, even in good faith. The legal side is an authorisation letter defining scope, timing, prohibited technique

Thai businesses offering AI-enabled products to EU customers may fall under the EU AI Act even without an EU office. The Act tiers systems by risk: some uses are prohibited, high-risk systems need tec

Before accepting a SaaS or cloud contract, know where your data is stored, which subprocessors are used, what the SLA pays when the service fails, how liability is capped and how you get data back on

Shipping disputes usually start with cargo damage, shortage, delay, demurrage or delivery without original bills of lading. Your rights depend on whether you are a charterer or bill-of-lading holder a

Ship arrest lets maritime creditors — bunker suppliers, repairers, unpaid crew or cargo owners — ask a Thai court to detain a vessel until security is given. Thailand's Arrest of Ships Act sets eligib

Leasing aircraft or engines between foreign lessors and Thai operators involves the lease, CAAT registration, import duties, withholding tax on rent and lessor remedies on default. Thailand is party t

A sound international sales contract answers when risk passes (Incoterms 2020 such as FOB, CIF, DAP), which law applies, how payment works (L/C or advance), the notice period for non-conforming goods

When Customs reassesses duty because it disagrees with your HS classification or declared value, the Customs Act B.E. 2560 gives you a route to challenge it. We read the assessment notice, examine the

FTA duty preference (ATIGA, RCEP, ACFTA, JTEPA and others) depends on the goods genuinely meeting that agreement's rules of origin. We analyse your bill of materials against change-in-tariff (CTC) or

A corporate insurance broker in Thailand needs an OIC licence before soliciting business. Applicants prepare a transparent shareholding, fit-and-proper directors, individually licensed staff, a compla

Treaty reinsurance covers a portfolio; facultative covers individual risks. Disputes usually turn on event definitions and aggregation, follow-the-settlements, cyber or pandemic exclusions and late-no

Bancassurance agreements are long, high-value contracts. Key terms are exclusivity, sales targets, upfront fees and clawback on early exit, customer-data ownership under the PDPA and liability for mis

When an insurer denies or underpays a claim, or a policyholder is sued and needs the insurer to defend, the issues are policy wording, exclusions, disclosure at inception and limitation periods. We re

Startups with insurance innovations — usage-based cover, AI claims, comparison platforms — may test through the OIC Regulatory Sandbox, which allows limited live trials under supervision. Key elements

Takaful is Shariah-compliant insurance using a shared risk fund, endorsed by a Shariah advisory board. Microinsurance offers low premiums and simple cover for low-income households. Both require OIC a

A family office is a dedicated unit handling one family's investments, accounting, tax and paperwork. In Thailand it is commonly a private limited company owned by the family, serving group companies

Thai law does not yet allow domestic private trusts (the Trust for Transactions in Capital Market Act covers capital-market use only). Families wanting a multi-generational holding vehicle therefore l

When the deceased holds assets in several countries, different laws can govern different assets. As a general rule immovable property follows the law of the country where it sits, while movables may f

A Thai prenuptial agreement is valid only if it is in writing, signed by both spouses and two witnesses, and recorded together with the marriage registration at the district office. Once the marriage

Setting up a Thai foundation means applying to the local foundation registrar with seed assets, articles, non-profit public-benefit objectives and a committee of at least three. Registration alone doe

Most Thai family businesses stumble in the second or third generation because nothing is written down about shareholding, how heirs join the company, and who decides once the founder is gone. We build

Cross-border contracts with Thai companies often choose SIAC, ICC or HKIAC. Thai counsel matter for Thai-law interpretation, gathering evidence and witnesses in Thailand, and planning enforcement agai

Business disputes in Thailand can go to arbitration where the contract provides for it. The main institutions are the Thailand Arbitration Center (THAC) and the Thai Arbitration Institute (TAI) of the

Foreign investors harmed by state measures, such as unfair licence revocation or expropriation, may have claims under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) or FTAs via ICSID or UNCITRAL rules. Thailand

Thailand is a New York Convention state, so awards from member states are enforceable by petition to the competent court within the statutory period after the award can be enforced. You need the origi

When a counterparty is moving assets, leaking trade secrets or wrongly calling a bond, waiting for a tribunal may be too slow. SIAC, ICC, HKIAC and others offer emergency arbitrators who can order int

FIDIC contracts impose strict pre-arbitration steps. Contractors must give notice of claim on time (28 days from awareness under the 2017 editions) or risk losing the claim. Disputes then go to a DAAB

Professional athletes and clubs face disputes over contracts, transfers, unpaid wages and image rights. We review athlete contracts against Thai sports-association rules and international federation r

A single song carries several layers of rights: the composition (lyrics and melody), the sound recording and performers' rights. We help songwriters, artists and labels review publishing, recording an

Film and series production needs rights managed from script to distribution. We handle option and rights-purchase deals, cast and crew agreements, music and location clearances, filming permits for fo

Creator–brand deals need clarity on work, rights and liability. We review sponsorship and management agreements — deliverables, revisions, paid-media usage rights, exclusivity and payment — and check

Esports teams must align player contracts with both Thai law and the tournament rules of organisers or game publishers. We draft and review player agreements covering pay, buyouts, gaming-house accomm

Sports broadcast and sponsorship rights are valuable and complex. We review rights acquisition or sale agreements (territory, platforms, TV/streaming, term, exclusivity), sponsorship and product-categ