Family Business Succession & Governance Framework (Gen-1 → Gen-2/3)

Family Business Succession + Governance (Gen-1 → Gen-2/3) · § Advisory
Quick Answer
2-day family assembly → Gen-2 assessment · draft Family Constitution + SHA + Buy-Sell · constitute Family Council + Board + Advisory · 3-year roadmap.
Timeline: Workshop 2 weeks · Constitution 6–10 weeks · SHA/BSA 4–6 weeks · rollout 3–6 months · total 6–12 months.
Official fee: MoI amendment THB 400 · SHA notarisation THB 400–1,500 · valuation THB 80,000–350,000.
Legal Basis
Thai CCC §1023 · Public Company Act 2535 · SEC CG Code 2560 · Family Business Constitution (soft law) · IFC Family Business Governance Handbook · German Beirat, Italian Consiglio di Famiglia.
Who Needs This
Family SMEs / mid-caps pre-IPO · Gen-1 aged ≥ 55 without plan · Gen-2 ready to succeed · families with conflict risk.
Required Documents
- Family tree + shareholder chart (3 generations)
- 10-year financials + valuation < 12 months
- Existing SHA + AoA + prior wills
- Gen-2 CVs + reviews + external assessments
- Family Constitution draft + Council Charter
- IPS + Buy-Sell triggers + insurance funding.
Common Pitfalls
- No Family Constitution · 70% Gen-2 conflict (PwC 2023).
- Gen-2 CEO without board oversight · IPO delayed 2-4 years.
- Missing Buy-Sell triggers · shares fragment · deadlock.
- Family Office doubles as board · minority oppression suits (§85 Public Co Act).
Typical Use-cases
- Auto-parts family · Constitution + 5-member board (3 external) · Year-3 IPO +220%.
- Gen-2 conflict · mediation + revised SHA · buy-out THB 380M.
- Retail family · Advisory + Council · revenue +45% in 2 years.
- Family bank · Gen-1 → Gen-2 CEO + Gen-3 CFO · smooth transition.
FAQ
- Is a Family Constitution legally binding?
- Soft law · morally binding · move binding items to SHA / AoA (RoFR, tag/drag-along).
- How to fund Buy-Sell?
- Life insurance (key-man / cross-purchase) · sinking fund · shareholder loan · tax-impact assessed.
- What if Gen-2 isn't ready?
- Professional CEO + Gen-2 director training 3 years · or IPO with external mgmt + Gen-2 as shareholder.
- Gen-1 vs Gen-2 conflict?
- Accredited family mediator · Council vote · or SHA shotgun clause.
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Official sources — marriage & family registration
The information on this page follows the official sources below. Always check the latest version before you file.
- กรมการปกครอง — ทะเบียนราษฎร ทะเบียนครอบครัว— Department of Provincial Administration
- กรมการกงสุล — บริการรับรองเอกสาร (นิติกรณ์)— กระทรวงการต่างประเทศ
- สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา — ฐานข้อมูลกฎหมายไทย— Office of the Council of State
- สำนักงานศาลยุติธรรม— Office of the Judiciary
- HCCH — Apostille Convention (5 October 1961) full text & status table— Hague Conference on Private International Law
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Frequently asked questions
- Can a foreigner own 100% of a Thai company?
- Generally no for activities listed in the Foreign Business Act, where majority foreign ownership requires a Foreign Business Licence, a BOI promotion, or treaty rights such as the US–Thailand Treaty of Amity. Manufacturing and certain export activities are largely open, and BOI-promoted activities can permit full foreign ownership together with land-holding and visa privileges, so the right structure depends on the specific activity.
- What is the minimum registered capital for a Thai company?
- There is no general statutory minimum for a Thai-majority company, but practical thresholds apply: THB 2 million of paid-up registered capital per foreign work permit, or THB 1 million if the foreigner is married to a Thai national, and THB 3 million per foreign shareholder for a Foreign Business Licence. Capital should therefore be planned around the visa and work-permit outcome you need, not the incorporation minimum.
- How long does company registration take?
- Registration at the Department of Business Development can be completed within one to three working days once the name reservation, shareholder documents and company objectives are ready, and the VAT registration and social security registration follow afterwards. The realistic end-to-end timeline including bank account opening is two to six weeks, with the bank account usually being the slowest step for foreign directors.
- What ongoing accounting obligations does a Thai company have?
- Every Thai company must keep statutory accounts, file monthly withholding tax (PND 1, 3, 53) and VAT (PP 30) returns by the middle of the following month, file the half-year corporate income tax return (PND 51) and the annual return (PND 50), and have its financial statements audited by a Thai CPA and filed with the DBD each year. Dormant companies are not exempt — nil returns and an audited statement are still required.






